A contingency is a part of a contract that lets you walk away from the deal without any penalty if specific conditions aren’t met. A contingency clause spells out the conditions and actions that need to happen before a real estate buying agreement is legally binding. When you see a contingency in a real estate buying agreement or in the property’s listing, it usually means that someone has already made an offer on the property and it’s been accepted. But there are still a few things that need to be taken care of before the contract binds both parties. Say the buyer runs into problems securing a mortgage for the property, they can walk away from the contract without any penalties.
These protective measures work differently for buyers and sellers. When you’re buying, you feel secure because you won’t lose your earnest money if something goes wrong with your financing. When you’re selling, you can keep some flexibility while still having your property under contract with buyers who are really interested in buying.
In most real estate contracts, there’s some time between when you sign the contract and when you actually close on the sale. This period is what people call escrow. Most buyers don’t know just how much coordination needs to happen during this phase. While you’re in escrow, most or all of the contingencies need to be taken care of. If those contingencies aren’t met by the time the final closing date rolls around, either party has the right to cancel the buying contract without having to pay any kind of penalty.
What Are Some Common Examples of Real Estate Contingencies?
It is not uncommon for several different types of real estate contingencies to appear in the same real estate purchase agreement. These different types are discussed below.
Financing or mortgage approval
Most real estate sales contracts depend on if the buyer can actually get a loan. This usually means the buyer needs to get a mortgage loan before they can buy the property. The most common setup is when buyers agree to buy the property only if they can get approved for a mortgage that covers at least 75% of the sale price.
These financing contingencies protect you from losing your earnest money if the bank turns down your loan application. If you didn’t have this protection, you could lose thousands of dollars if your loan doesn’t get approved. With this protection in place, your deposit stays safe while you’re waiting for the bank to approve your mortgage.
Inspector’s report or appraisal
Nearly every real estate contract gives the buyer the right to bring in a building inspector who will check the property for any problems, zoning problems, or possible red flags. For foreclosure sales, the deal usually hinges on if the buyer agrees to take the property as-is. A real estate sale might also depend on an appraisal, which verifies that the property is actually worth what the seller is asking. If the appraisal comes in lower than the selling price, the buyer and seller usually need to negotiate to see if the seller will lower their price. And if the seller won’t budge on price, the whole sale agreement could fall through.
Renovation and improvements
Another common contingency comes up when one party needs to see if they can renovate the property according to their plans. You’ll see these conditions more in commercial real estate deals than in residential ones.
Additional contingencies
Insurance approval is another big contingency, since buyers don’t want to close on a property if they can’t get it insured. There’s also the closing date contingency, which sellers use to protect themselves if the buyer can’t come up with the money by the agreed-upon date. The sale of a previous property is another common contingency, used when the buying of a new home is based on if the buyer successfully sells their existing one. Buyers usually also include a final walkthrough contingency to make sure everything’s still in decent shape before closing.
The law lets either the buyer or seller bring up pretty much any kind of contingency when they’re working out a real estate sale agreement. Of course, just because one side suggests a contingency doesn’t mean the other side has to agree to it. Contingencies are extremely common in real estate transactions, though some conditions can create complications that slow down the entire selling process.
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What Are the Common Contract Contingency Issues a Client May Experience?
Contingencies are there to help you stay away from problems or legal fights that might come up when you’re buying or selling real estate. Because of this, there aren’t many times when a contract contingency will cause problems for a client. Let me give you an example of one of the most common types of real estate contingencies is the home inspection contingency. This kind of contingency pretty much lets the buyer walk away from the deal if they don’t like what the home inspector finds.
Most buyers need this kind of protection. When you’re making the biggest investment of your life, this contingency helps protect you from problems with the house that you can’t see. If you don’t have this protection in your contract, you might find out about expensive repairs only after you’ve already bought the house.
Usually, if the home inspector finds something small, it’s not a big deal and everyone moves forward. But if the inspector finds big problems like cracks in the foundation, water leaks, or termites, then the buyer can probably walk away from the deal because of the home inspection contingency. The problem is that it’s not always obvious what counts as a small problem versus a big one. People end up in legal fights all of the time over if something from the home inspection is minor or major.
These kinds of fights take up everyone’s time and cost lots of money. The sellers just want to finish selling their house while the buyers are worried about how much they’ll have to spend on repairs later. Home inspection reports from inspectors give you something concrete to point to. But people still disagree when there’s lots of money riding on if a problem with the house is big enough to matter.
Do I Need an Attorney for Help with Real Estate Contract Contingencies?
Before you sign any buying agreement, whether it’s for a home or commercial property, you should talk to a qualified contract attorney. This goes for any kind of real estate deal, no matter the size. An experienced real estate attorney can take the time to go through the contract and all of the contingencies to check if the terms are legal and fair. They’ll also look over the paperwork to protect you. LegalMatch can help put you in touch with the right attorney for your contract needs.
Real estate deals are some of the biggest financial decisions that most people only make a few times in their whole lives. Plenty of buyers only find out about big contract problems after they’ve already put in lots of time and earnest money into the deal. If you don’t have a lawyer look things over, you might end up agreeing to terms that strongly favor the seller, or you might miss big deadlines that could wipe out your buyer protections completely. An attorney can tell you which contingencies you should put in the contract and they’ll make sure those conditions actually get met. If any problems come up, the attorney will go to court for you if you need them to.
When lawyers review contracts, they usually find problems that buyers never would have seen coming on their own. Standard buying agreements have all kinds of complicated legal language that’s supposed to protect everyone involved. The problem is this language can actually hide dangers to your own financial situation. Your attorney will find these problems before you agree to binding terms that become expensive or nearly impossible to change once you’ve closed on the property. What you pay for a legal review is a small fraction of what you’re spending in total.
Jose Rivera
Managing Editor
Editor
Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025