Articles By Susan Nerlinger
- Assault in New York: Definition and Penalties
In New York, a criminal assault is committed when the perpetrator inflicts physical harm on the victim. The degree of harm, as well as other facts involved in the offense,…
- Challenging a Zoning Ordinance in New York
Municipalities in New York have the authority to enact and enforce land use and development laws from three sources, i.e. the New York State Constitution, New York’s Municipal Home Rule…
- Theft of Services in New York: Penalties, Charges, and Defenses
Theft of services is one of several theft crimes, which all involve taking property that rightfully belongs to someone else to deprive them of that property permanently. New York law…
- TWIC Cards and Crimes in California
The Transportation Worker Identification Credential, also known as “TWIC,” is a credential that is required by the U.S. government for any worker in the maritime industry who wants to access…
- Property Tax Lawyer Average Cost in California
The cost of a property tax lawyer in a case in California depends on a number of different factors. It varies according to considerations such as how the lawyer charges…
- What Is Infringement in California?
Infringement is the unauthorized use of intellectual property that is protected by a copyright, or trademark or patent registration. When creative works, trademarks or patents are registered, anyone who wants…
- Assault in California: Definition and Penalties
The California Penal Code defines assault as the unlawful attempt, together with the present ability, to cause a violent injury to another person. For example, one individual might throw a…
- Malice Legal Definition in New York
The term “malice” is used in different ways in New York law. In criminal law, “malice” is a term that expresses the kind of intent needed in committing an act…
- False Pretenses Lawyers in Florida
Theft by false pretenses is a serious criminal offense in Florida. In that state, the crime is referred to as “theft by deception.” The crime involves one person using some…
- Challenging a Zoning Ordinance in California
Zoning is a tool that local governments use to enforce specific uses of property and the manner in which land can be developed within their boundaries. City councils and local…
- Theft of Services in Texas: Penalties, Charges, and Defenses
The “services” which can be stolen under Texas law may be any one of a number of things, such as the following: The labor of workers Professional services such as…
- White Collar Crime Lawyer Cost in Florida
In Florida, various factors are going to have an impact on the cost of a white-collar criminal defense lawyer. Most often, a criminal defense lawyer would charge a client an…
- Out-Of-State Restraining Orders in California
An out-of-state restraining order is a restraining order that has been issued by a court in another state. The question is whether a restraining order can only be enforced in…
- Malice Legal Definition in California
In California, the prosecution must prove “malice aforethought” if a defendant is to be found guilty of the crime of murder. Even if the perpetrator of a homicide did not…
- Non-Conforming Use in New York Real Estate
Real property in New York state is regulated by local zoning codes. These codes designate what type of development and use can be made of property. Zoning laws generally aim…
- False Pretenses Lawyers in California
The crime of false pretenses, technically known as “theft by false pretenses,” consists of stealing money, property or labor from another person or entity through the use of false representations…
- White Collar Crime Lawyer Cost in California
The cost of a white-collar criminal defense lawyer in California is going to depend on a number of factors. In all likelihood, a criminal defense lawyer would charge a client…
- Non-Conforming Use in Texas Real Estate
Zoning laws regulate land use in communities through rules that govern how property can be developed and used. Zoning laws generally aim to establish orderly communities in which incompatible uses…
- Texas Hotel Liability for Guest Property
In Texas, hotels have a legal duty to protect and safeguard the belongings of their guests. If they should fail to fulfill their legal responsibility, they could be liable to…
- Disposition Hearing in Texas
When a person is convicted of a crime, whether by the verdict of jury or a guilty plea, the sentence must be determined by a judge. In Texas, crimes are…
- Stale Checks Under New York Law
Under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), a personal or business check is generally considered to be a stale check if it is presented for payment more than 6 months after…
- Motion to Quash in New York
Receiving a subpoena can be stressful, especially if the recipient believes it is invalid for some reason or asks too much of them. In New York, the person who receives…
- Stale Checks Under Florida Law
Stale checks are checks that remained uncashed or undeposited long after the dates on which they were issued. They may be too old for processing by banks, credit unions, or…
- Search Warrants vs. Arrest Warrants in California
Arrest warrants are legal documents that are issued by a judge or magistrate. A judge or magistrate issues an arrest warrant based on information provided to them by law enforcement…
- Class B Felony in Texas
The State of Texas does not have Class B Felonies. Instead, in Texas, felony categories include the following: Capital Felonies: Punishable by life in a Texas prison or by the…
- Crimes That Require Jail Time in California
Criminal sentencing is the process by which a judge reviews certain information and decides on the sentence to impose on an individual who has been convicted of a crime. The…
- Texas Hospital Liability for Refusing Treatment
Federal and state laws determine when hospitals in Texas have a legal duty to provide health care to an individual who seeks care. Of special concern is the provision of…
- Real Estate Lawyer Cost in Texas
The cost of a real estate attorney in Texas depends on a number of different factors. The three main factors that affect lawyer cost are as follows: Task: The nature…
- Falsifying Legal Documents in Texas: Forgery Laws and Penalties
Falsifying documents means to put false information on a document with the intent of perpetrating a fraud of some kind on another person. Some examples of falsifying documents would include…
- Sworn Statements vs. Affidavits in Texas
A sworn statement is a statement that a person makes in writing to communicate information they have relating to an event or situation. In a sworn statement, the individual who…
- Safety Deposit Box Laws in New York
A safety deposit box, or “safe deposit box” as it is sometimes called, is a locked box that is usually held by a bank in its secured vault. People usually…
- Motion to Quash in Florida
A motion to quash is essentially a request made by an individual to a court. The individual who makes a motion to quash asks a court to declare that some…
- Non-Biological Father on Birth Certificate: Rights and Paternity in Florida
A person who is not the biological parent of a child might assume the role of a father in a number of ways. They might marry the mother of the…
- Is Polygamy Legal in Texas?
Polygamy is the practice of having more than one spouse at the same time, and it is not legal in Texas. Marriages that involve more than 2 people are not…
- Educational Neglect in New York: Laws, Examples, and Legal Consequences
New York law entitles children to an education. In fact, children are legally required to attend school if they are between the ages of 6 and 16, unless they have…
- Failure to Appear in New York Court: Charges and Consequences
Failure to appear in court occurs when a person who has been ordered to appear in a court of law at a specified time and day does not show up.…
- Leaving a Child Home Alone in New York
New York law does not state a specific age at which a child can be legally left alone at home. Leaving a child home alone laws in a few states…
- Class D Felony in New York
Felonies in New York are categorized Class A, the most serious felony criminal offenses, to Class E felony criminal offenses. This categorization reflects the seriousness of a crime. If a…
- Bigamy Laws in New York
In New York, marriage is the legal union of two people. New York law enforces monogamy, which is a system in which a person is able to marry only one…
- Texas Attempted Murder: Charges & Penalties
Texas does not have a specific “attempted murder” statute. Instead, these charges typically involve prosecutors alleging a criminal attempt of first-degree or second-degree murder. Whether the prosecution charges first-degree or…
- What Does Duress Mean in California Law?
The general doctrine of duress applies when a party engages in some unlawful action or gives their consent to something, e.g., a contract, because someone engenders fear in them or…
- Texas Zoning and Land Use Laws
In Texas, zoning laws and land use regulations are established through local zoning ordinances rather than state-wide laws. These local rules determine the uses that property owners can make of…
- Montana Wrongful Eviction Lawsuit
Eviction is the legal procedure that a landlord, the owner of real property, may use to terminate the occupancy of rental property by a tenant, an individual or other entity…
- Washington State Eviction Lawyer Cost
How much an eviction attorney costs in Washington depends on a number of different factors. One important factor is the type of fee that an eviction lawyer charges in a…
- No Win No Fee Employment Lawyers in Massachusetts
A no win, no fee lawyer gets paid for representing a client in a case only if the case is won. This means that if the case is lost, the…
- Georgia No Win No Fee Employment Lawyers
A no win, no fee lawyer gets paid for representing a client in a case only if the case is won. This means that if the case is lost, the…
- Illinois No Win No Fee Employment Lawyers
No win, no fee lawyers are more formally known in the legal business as lawyers who charge a contingency fee for their services. An individual who hires a lawyer on…
- Can One Spouse File Bankruptcy in Tennessee?
One spouse may file for bankruptcy individually without the participation of the other spouse in Tennessee. The important question, however, is whether it is advisable. There are pros and cons…
- Bankruptcy Pros and Cons in Tennessee
In Tennessee, bankruptcy provides a legal process in which individuals and organizations can take measures to obtain relief from debt that has become unmanageable for them. The bankruptcy process is…
- Massachusetts Employer Charging for Lost or Damaged Equipment
The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets federal rules for paycheck deductions for lost or broken equipment. Of course, federal rules apply in all states, including Massachusetts. For most…